Languedoc is a significant producer of wine; today it produces more than a third of the grapes in France, and is a focus for outside investors.

Wines from the Mediterranean coast of Languedoc are labelled as Languedoc, those from the interior have other labels such as Fronton, Gaillac, or Limoux to the west - and Côtes du Rhône towards east.

Other crops include wheat (the traditional crop which made the fortune of the landlords and parliamentarians based in Toulouse, and for whose trade the famous Canal du Midi was built), maize (the new and nowadays most popular crop in the region), olives (only on the Mediterranean coast of Languedoc), fruit, and rice (in some coastal areas).

In the hilly and mountainous areas of the interior, sheep and goat are raised for meat and cheese. The coastal area is, naturally, a source of fish and shellfish.

Minervois is an AOC in the Languedoc-Roussillon wine region. The wines of the Minervois appellation are red and are produced from Carignan (which can account for no more than 40% of the blend), Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvedre, and Syrah grapes. Historically, the region's capital has been the village of Minerve.